The national airline is Avianca (AV) (website: www.avianca.com) which runs direct flights from Madrid and New York to Bogotá. There are no direct flights from the UK.

From Madrid to Bogotá is 12 hours and from New York is 5 hours 30 minutes.

Bogotá (El Dorado International Airport) (BOG) (website: www.elnuevodorado.com) is situated 12km (8 miles) east of the city. To/from the airport: Buses and taxis are available to the city centre (journey time – 30 minutes). Facilities: Bank, ATMs, duty-free shop, bars, restaurants, tourist information, pharmacist, car hire and Internet access.

Barranquilla (Ernesto Cortissoz) (BAQ) (website: www.baq.aero) is 10km (6 miles) from the city. To/from the airport: Buses and taxis are available. Facilities: Car hire is available.

Cali (Alfonso Bonilla Aragón) (CLO) (website: www.aerocali.com.co) is 19km (12 miles) from the city.

Cartagena (Rafael Nuñez) (CTG) (website: www.sacsa.com.co) is 2km (1 mile) from the city.

oneworld Visit South America Pass: valid within Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile (except Easter Island), Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. Participating airlines are American Airlines (AA), British Airways (BA), Cathay Pacific (CX), Finnair (AY), Iberia (IB), JAL Japan Airlines (JL), LAN (LA), Malév Hungarian Airlines (MA), Qantas (QF) and Royal Jordanian Airlines (RJ). The pass must be bought outside South America in the country of residence. It allows unlimited travel to 30 cities. A minimum of three flights must be booked, with a maximum of 20; prices depend on the amount of flight zones. For further details, contact one of the participating airlines.

Main ports: Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta and Turnaco (Caribbean coast) and Buenaventura (Pacific coast). Many ships and cruise lines visit these ports from the USA, Mexico, Venezuela, Central America and the Caribbean Islands.

Leticia is the upper Amazonian port, from where boats travel into Brazil and Peru.

There are no international rail connections.

Colombia can be reached from Panama via the Darien Gap, but the route is not advised as it can be long, arduous and dangerous. There are also road links with Ecuador and Venezuela, although travellers should check with their local embassy about the safety of roads before crossing the border to Venezuela.

There is an excellent internal air network connecting major cities, including those in the Caribbean coastal area. There are also local helicopter flights. Flights between the mainland and the islands of San Andrés and Providencia operate from most major Colombian cities. The main domestic carriers are AeroRepública (website: www.aerorepublica.com.co), Avianca (website: www.avianca.com), Aires (website: www.aires.aero) and Satena (website: www.satena.com).

US$19, usually included in the ticket price.

Cargo ships from Cartagena to San Andrés occasionally take passengers; however the trip takes several days. Information can be obtained from the Maritima San Andrés office.

The Magdalena River is the main artery of Colombia. Some cargo boats take passengers, though this is a slow way to travel. Paddle steamers no longer run services up and down the river and hiring can be expensive.

From Leticia, on the Peruvian border, a number of operators run sightseeing tours and jungle expeditions up the Amazon. It is necessary to make enquiries locally, and wise to shop around before booking on any one trip.

Although trains still carry freight, inter-city passenger services are virtually non-existent. A restored steam train, Turistren, runs from Bogotá to Zipaquirá and Cajicá (tel: (1) 375 0557; website: www.turistren.com.co).

Traffic drives on the right. A good highway links Santa Marta in the east with Cartagena, and passes Barranquilla en route. The Trans-Caribbean Highway has placed Barranquilla only five hours away from Venezuela. Northeast of Santa Marta, in the Guajira Peninsula, roads are usually passable except during rainy periods. There is highway transportation between the coastal cities and the capital and other cities of the interior, but much of the highway is rutted. Travellers should seek advice before driving in rural areas to avoid any areas where guerilla and paramilitary groups have a strong presence.

Bus: The long distances make air travel advisable. Among the best bus lines are Flota Magdalena (website: www.flotamagdalena.com), Expreso Bolivariano (website: www.bolivariano.com.co) and Expreso Palmira (website: www.expresopalmira.com.co). There are also collectivos (taxi-buses) for shorter distances.

Car hire: The major international companies have offices, but driving in cities is not recommended.

Regulations: Seat belts in the front seats are mandatory; however, car seats for children are not. Children under 10 cannot sit in the front seat. The urban speed limit is 45-60kph (28-37mph), and the rural speed limit is 80kph (50mph).

Documentation: An International Driving Permit is required.

Bogotá's bus service, TransMilenio (website: www.transmilenio.gov.co), is the most efficient way to travel round the capital. There are also shared taxis (buseta) which are not expensive and stop on demand. Taxis are fairly cheap; passengers should insist that meters are used. Drivers are generally not tipped. Medellín, Colombia's second largest city, has a metro train service. The newest addition to the system is MetroCable, a cable car.

The following chart gives approximate journey times from Bogotá (in hours and minutes) to other major towns/cities in Colombia.

	Air
Barranquilla	1.15
Medellín	1.15
Manizales	1.00
Cali	1.00
Leticia	2.00